| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as instruments that convert sunlight to electricity using PV cells. These are an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to convert heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or power generation. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic nation in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural traditions, famous sights, and vibrant urban areas like the capital. It boasts a diverse terrain of undulating terrain, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that combine history with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the organic radiance emitted by the sun, vital for life on Earth as it supplies energy for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of power generated by the motion of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives innumerable appliances and networks, supporting modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | DC is the one-way stream of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that holds chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to power various digital equipment. It includes several galvanic cells, each housing anode and cathode separated by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power option that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a device that converts direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for home use and utility connection. It is essential for enhancing energy performance and providing secure, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity periodically, generally used in home and commercial power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that controls the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It ensures efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to measure the size, volume, or degree of something accurately. It includes tools like meters, thermometers, and manometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar power plants are huge plants that capture sunlight to create electricity using many solar panels. They supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves setting up photovoltaic panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected solar energy setup changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems retain excess electricity generated from green sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions typically utilize batteries to deliver backup power, cut down energy costs, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar cells documents the advancement and improvements in photovoltaic technology from the early invention of the solar effect to modern high-efficiency solar panels. It features key innovations, including the creation of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have greatly improved power conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His research laid the groundwork for comprehending how light interacts with specific substances to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an American inventor who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work established the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor. His work paved the way for modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious innovative organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials science. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its essential role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar modules. It is a hard, fragile solid solid with a bluish-gray shine, mainly utilized as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a small unit installed on each solar panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This approach enhances system efficiency, enables enhanced performance oversight, and boosts power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a device that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is frequently used in solar arrays to supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that delivers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon is a fundamental particle which represents a packet of light and other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It plays a important role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the process by which certain materials turn sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the basic foundation behind solar cell technology, facilitating the capturing of solar energy for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a more affordable price. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, furniture, and environmental factors. Both are important considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the same voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electric power is the speed at which electricity is transferred by an electrical circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a standard of power in the SI system, representing the rate of energy movement or conversion. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the work per single charge accessible to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the base unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electrical charge through a conductor, typically measured in amperes. It is necessary for energizing electronic devices and enabling the working of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere is the measure of electrical current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the flow of electric charge through a wire over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and size of power systems to ensure reliable and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a convenient and standardized method of supplying electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for charging and supplying a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that converts direct current (DC) from inputs like batteries or solar arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It allows the use of standard electrical devices in environments where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack serves as a collection of several individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the angle of solar modules to follow the solar trajectory throughout the daytime, enhancing solar energy capture. This innovation boosts the effectiveness of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring optimal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the power output of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to align with the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This process ensures the best performance power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that monitors and evaluates the efficiency of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, delivering useful data on power output and system status. It helps enhance solar power output by spotting problems early and guaranteeing optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are typically used in solar panels to power homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless tiny silicon crystal structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and microchip production. Its creation involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline form suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a continuous lattice framework, making it very effective for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its consistent framework allows for enhanced electron transfer, resulting in better performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a type of thin-film solar system that presents a affordable and high-performance alternative for extensive solar energy production. They are known as their great absorption efficiency and moderately reduced manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar cells that utilize a layered compound of Cu, indium, gallium, and selenium to transform sunlight into energy efficiently. They are recognized for their excellent light capturing efficiency, flexibility, and potential for lightweight, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous molecular configuration, making it more flexible and easier to deposit than ordered silicon. It is commonly used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its affordability and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, lowering costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are advanced photovoltaic modules that use various p-n junctions layered in unison to capture a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly increasing their efficiency. These are primarily used in space applications and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that transform solar radiation into electric power to operate onboard systems. Usually lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor recognized for its excellent electron mobility and performance in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ lenses or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technique is perfect for large capacity solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, offering a affordable solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of copper indium gallium selenide as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a fine layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in multiple technological applications. These films are essential in electronic devices, light manipulation, and films for their special physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a sheet of material ranging from tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, optical technologies, and healthcare, to modify surface characteristics or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Micrometers are accurate measuring instruments used to precisely measure tiny gaps or depths, generally in machining and manufacturing. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a thin, ring-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the foundational material in the creation of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film solar units recognized for their high efficiency and bendability, perfect for multiple fields. They employ a stratified semiconductor structure that transforms sunlight directly into power with remarkable effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into power using photovoltaic cells, providing a sustainable energy source for residential, business, and utility-scale applications. They provide a clean, renewable, and cost-effective way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into power using a light-sensitive dye to take in light and generate electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and versatile alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that employ carbon-based molecules, to convert solar radiation into electrical power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and offer the potential for more affordable, large-area solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential electronic compound used in layer solar modules due to its abundant and non-toxic elements. Its superior photo-electronic properties make it an desirable option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as roof surfaces, facades, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with little distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency permits light to scatter through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a transparent film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of solar power stations information various extensive solar energy installations around the world, showcasing their power and positions. These facilities serve a crucial role in sustainable energy production and international efforts to reduce carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are massive facilities that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are essential in sustainable power creation, cutting dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as waste, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, wind, and water. It offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, reducing environmental harm and promoting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, crude oil, and methane, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the primary fuels for electricity generation and mobility but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and green energy into electrical power. This process typically occurs in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce electricity for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, poisonous elements such as lead, quicksilver, Cd, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how efficiently a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into usable electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided key evidence for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This growth is changing the global energy landscape by raising the share of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent component that refracts light to converge or separate rays, creating images. It is frequently used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an incoming light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to vision surfaces to reduce glare and improve light transmission. It improves the crispness and brightness of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels cancel each other out, resulting in a reduction or full disappearance of the combined wave. This phenomenon typically happens when these waves are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, allowing effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A small inverter is a tiny entity used to change direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into AC suitable for household use. It improves system efficiency by optimizing energy production at the module level and streamlines installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric current periodically reverse polarity, enabling cost-effective transmission over vast spans. It is generally used in homes and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical plug used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power source to an device. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and receptacle that provide a reliable and dependable connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide protection approval organization that tests and approves products to guarantee they adhere to specific safety standards. It helps consumers and businesses recognize dependable and safe products through thorough evaluation and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the constant current passes through all parts, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, giving multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode serves as a semiconductor device that permits current to flow in one direction only, serving as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, created to deliver electrical power for different devices and accessories inside of a automobile. It enables users to power electronic electronics or operate small appliances during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking hardware to computing systems, facilitating data transfer and power supply. It accommodates a variety of hardware such as keyboards, mice, external storage, and smartphones, with different versions delivering faster speeds and upgraded performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy output and making solar power economical and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on innovations in solar power, wind power, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to support a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from radio waves to high-energy photons, all possessing different lengths and energies. This band is essential for a wide array of devices and natural events, enabling signal transmission, healthcare imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It has a important role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on variations of a single hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This design approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a key parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to measure the strength of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a particular area, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in grasping the dispersion and conveyance of power across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of various tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is commonly used to depict the spread of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a big body of atmosphere with fairly consistent thermal and humidity properties, coming from from certain origin zones. These air masses influence weather systems and sky situations as they move across various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the energy per unit area received from the solar source in the type of light. It changes with solar phenomena and Earth's weather systems, impacting global climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the collection of dust, and impurities on the surface of solar arrays, which decreases their performance. Routine maintenance and care are necessary to reduce energy waste and maintain maximum operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, measured across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, skipping the normal load. It poses a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the highest power output of a solar array under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak capacity to produce electricity in standard testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the electrical potential between separate points in a electrical system. It is commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where elevated voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid element necessary for plant growth and employed in multiple industrial uses, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses special chemical properties that make it useful in creating long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It supplies an green energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of using land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, making the most of space and resources. This strategy improves crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy output. They are typically mounted in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides cover while generating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a assembly of numerous solar panels arranged to create electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in sustainable power systems to produce clean, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that offers shade and protection from the weather for al fresco areas. It improves the practicality and look of a courtyard, making it a cozy zone for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of objects in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a destination. It is often used in wayfinding, mapping, and astrophysics to specify the bearing of an target in relation to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic material widely used in thin-film solar cells due to its excellent performance and affordability. It demonstrates outstanding optical characteristics, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in driving solar energy implementation and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watt, used to assess big power generation generation and consumption. It is commonly associated with generating stations, power grids, and major energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, expert in manufacturing thin film solar cells that offer high efficiency and affordable power output. The company is committed to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly integrating various elements of manufacturing and automated systems to boost efficiency and dependability. It aims on developing cutting-edge solutions that facilitate smooth communication and interoperability among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an prominent Chinese corporation focused on the manufacturing and development of solar photovoltaic goods and services. Renowned for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to represent the capacity of large-scale power production or usage. It highlights the vast power extent involved in modern energy infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the cost per unit of production reduces as total output rises, due to gaining knowledge and improvements achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the significance of stored knowledge in reducing costs and improving productivity in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This method is a clean, renewable energy source that assists lessen reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or lower than the cost of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy sources are economically comparable with conventional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the primary electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a network of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is essential for guaranteeing the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is harnessed from the solar radiation using PV panels to produce electricity or through solar heating systems to provide warmth. It is a green, sustainable, and eco-conscious energy source that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in home, business, and factory sites to produce green, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy items features a range of devices that utilize sunlight to generate energy, encouraging green and sustainable living. These products include everything from solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, providing multi-purpose alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a installation that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics utilize lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient photovoltaic cells, considerably boosting power output using less space. This method is particularly effective where bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
